Probability: Difference between revisions

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Apply Markov's inequality:<br>
Apply Markov's inequality:<br>
Let <math>Y = |X - \mu|</math><br>
Let <math>Y = |X - \mu|</math><br>
Then <math>P(|X - \mu| \geq k) = P(Y \geq k) = = P(Y^2 \geq k^2) \leq \frac{E(Y^2)}{k^2} = \frac{E((X - \mu)^2)}{k^2}</math>
Then:<br>
<math>
\begin{aligned}
P(|X - \mu| \geq k) &= P(Y \geq k) \\
&= P(Y^2 \geq k^2) \\
&\leq \frac{E(Y^2)}{k^2} \\
&= \frac{E((X - \mu)^2)}{k^2}
\end{aligned}
</math>
}}
}}
* Usually used to prove convergence in probability
* Usually used to prove convergence in probability