Python

From David's Wiki
Revision as of 03:52, 10 November 2019 by David (talk | contribs) (→‎Installation)
\( \newcommand{\P}[]{\unicode{xB6}} \newcommand{\AA}[]{\unicode{x212B}} \newcommand{\empty}[]{\emptyset} \newcommand{\O}[]{\emptyset} \newcommand{\Alpha}[]{Α} \newcommand{\Beta}[]{Β} \newcommand{\Epsilon}[]{Ε} \newcommand{\Iota}[]{Ι} \newcommand{\Kappa}[]{Κ} \newcommand{\Rho}[]{Ρ} \newcommand{\Tau}[]{Τ} \newcommand{\Zeta}[]{Ζ} \newcommand{\Mu}[]{\unicode{x039C}} \newcommand{\Chi}[]{Χ} \newcommand{\Eta}[]{\unicode{x0397}} \newcommand{\Nu}[]{\unicode{x039D}} \newcommand{\Omicron}[]{\unicode{x039F}} \DeclareMathOperator{\sgn}{sgn} \def\oiint{\mathop{\vcenter{\mathchoice{\huge\unicode{x222F}\,}{\unicode{x222F}}{\unicode{x222F}}{\unicode{x222F}}}\,}\nolimits} \def\oiiint{\mathop{\vcenter{\mathchoice{\huge\unicode{x2230}\,}{\unicode{x2230}}{\unicode{x2230}}{\unicode{x2230}}}\,}\nolimits} \)


Installation

Use Anaconda.

  • Add "C:\Users\[username]\Anaconda3\Scripts" to your path
  • Run conda init in your bash
  • Run conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Basic Usage

How to use Python 3.

Ternary Operator

Reference

is_nice = True
state = "nice" if is_nice else "not nice"

Strings

String Interpolation

Reference
Python has 3 syntax variations for string interpolation.

name = 'World'
program = 'Python'
print(f'Hello {name}! This is {program}')

print("%s %s" %('Hello','World',))

name = 'world'
program ='python'
print('Hello {name}!This is{program}.'.format(name=name,program=program))

Lambda Function

lambda x: x * 2

Filesystem Read and Write

List all files in a folder

Reference

gazeDir = "Gaze_txt_files"
# List of folders in root folder
gazeFolders = [path.join(gazeDir, x) for x in os.listdir(gazeDir)]
# List of files 2 folders down
gazeFiles = [path.join(x, y) for x in gazeFolders for y in os.listdir(x)]

Read/Write entire text file into a list

Reading
[1]

with open('C:/path/numbers.txt') as f:
    lines = f.read().splitlines()

Writing
[2]

with open('your_file.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write("\n".join(my_list))


Create Directory if it doesn't exist

Reference

def ensure_dir_exists(dir_path):
    if not os.path.exists(dir_path):
        try:
            os.makedirs(dir_path)
        except OSError as exc: # Guard against race condition
            if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                raise


# Example usage to create new_dir folder
ensure_dir_exists("new_dir")
# or
ensure_dir_exists(os.path.dirname("new_dir/my_file.txt"))

Copying or moving a file or folder

Copying
Shutil docs

import shutil

# Copy a file
shutil.copy2('original.txt', 'duplicate.txt')

# Move a file
shutil.move('original.txt', 'my_folder/original.txt')

Regular Expressions (Regex)

Reference

import re
myReg = re.compile(r'height:(\d+)cm')
myMatch = re.match(myReg, "height:33cm");
print(myMatch[1])
# 33

Spawning Processes

Use subprocess to spawn other programs.

import subprocess
subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"], cwd="/")


Misc

If you are writing a script with functions you want to be included in other scripts, use __name__ to detect if your script is being run or being imported. What does if __name__ == "__main__" do?

if __name__ == "__main__":

Anaconda

How to use Anaconda:

# Create an environment
conda create -n tf2 python

# Activate an environment
conda activate tf2

# Change version of Python
conda install python=3.6

Libraries

Numpy

Matplotlib

Matplotlib is the main library used for making graphs.
Alternatively, there are also Python bindings for ggplot2
Examples
Gallery