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C++: Difference between revisions
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C++ is a very popular and powerful language which includes all the low-level features of [[C_(programming_language) | C]] (e.g. pointers, operator overloading) along many high-level features (regex, STL containers) thanks to the C++ standard library.<br> | |||
Some people may think of it as an object-oriented version of C. | |||
==Usage== | ==Usage== | ||
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This will allocate an array in the heap.<br> | This will allocate an array in the heap.<br> | ||
[https://shendrick.net/Coding%20Tips/2015/03/15/cpparrayvsvector.html array vs vector] | [https://shendrick.net/Coding%20Tips/2015/03/15/cpparrayvsvector.html array vs vector]<br> | ||
If you need a static sized array, you can use <code>std::array</code> in the <code>array</code> header.<br> | If you need a static sized array, you can use <code>std::array</code> in the <code>array</code> header.<br> | ||
This wrapper around C-style arrays gives us size information and allows the array to be passed around by reference while keeping the array on the stack unlike <code>std::vector</code>.<br> | This wrapper around C-style arrays gives us size information and allows the array to be passed around by reference while keeping the array on the stack unlike <code>std::vector</code>.<br> | ||
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std::numeric_limits<float>::max(); | std::numeric_limits<float>::max(); | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
==STL== | ==STL== | ||
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Many STL containers are now built into the standard library (std) of C++.<br> | Many STL containers are now built into the standard library (std) of C++.<br> | ||
This section focuses only on the portions of STL which have been incorporated into the C++ standard library. | This section focuses only on the portions of STL which have been incorporated into the C++ standard library. | ||
===Simple Containers=== | ===Simple Containers=== | ||
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==Boost== | ==Boost== | ||
==Programming Styles== | |||
===Modern C++=== | |||
[https://github.com/rigtorp/awesome-modern-cpp List of resources]<br> | |||
Prefer newer std functions available in C++17.<br> | |||
Use shared pointers instead of new and delete.<br> | |||
* Use clang-format. | |||
===Orthodox C++=== | |||
[https://gist.github.com/bkaradzic/2e39896bc7d8c34e042b Reference]<br> | |||
Somewhat opposite of modern C++.<br> | |||
Also known as "C with Classes"<br> | |||
Basically only use C++ for its classes. Do everything else C-style.<br> | |||
The main benefit is compatibility with older compilers/libraries and easier understanding for people less familiar with newer C++ features. | |||
* Don't use C++ runtime wrapper for C runtime includes (<cstdio>, <cmath>, etc.), use C runtime instead (<stdio.h>, <math.h>, etc.) | |||
* Don't use stream (<iostream>, <stringstream>, etc.), use printf style functions instead. | |||
* Don't use anything from STL that allocates memory, unless you don't care about memory management. | |||
* Don't use exceptions. | |||
* Don't use RTTI. | |||
==Useful Libraries== | ==Useful Libraries== | ||