Kubernetes

Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is a container orchestration service by Google.
It supposedly has a harder learning curve than docker-swarm but is heavily inspired by Google's internal borg system.

Getting Started

Background

Kubernetes runs applications across nodes which are physical or virtual machines.
Each node contains a kubelet process, a container runtime, and possibly one or more pods.
Pods contain resources needed to host your application including volumes and one or more containers.

Installation

For local development, you can install minikube.
Otherwise, install kubeadm.

kubectl

nodes

kubectl get nodes

pods

kubectl get pods
kubectl describe pods

deployment

kubectl get deployments

# For one-off deployments of an image.
kubectl create deployment <name> --image=<image>

proxy

kubectl proxy

containers

kubectl logs $POD_NAME
kubectl exec -it $POD_NAME -- bash

service

Services handle routing to your pods.

kubectl get services

kubectl expose deployment/<name> --type=<type> --port <port>
kubectl describe services/<name>

Services

Documentation

Services handle networking.
For self-hosted/bare metal deployments, there are two types of services.

ClusterIP - This creates an IP address on the internal cluster which nodes and pods on the cluster can access. (Default)
NodePort - This exposes the port on every node. It implicitly creates a ClusterIP and every node will route to that. This allows access from outside the cluster.

On managed deployments (e.g. AWS EKS, GKE) you also have

LoadBalancer - fires up the provider's load balancer
ExternalName

By default, ClusterIP is provided by kube-proxy and performs round-robin load-balancing to pods.

Ingress

Ingress is equivalent to having a load-balancer / reverse-proxy pod with a NodePort service.