New Technology Glossary

Web3

Blockchain - distributed digital ledger
Cryptocurrency - often referred to as crypto, digital currency typically based on a blockchain
Nun-fungible Tokens (NFT) - tokens on a ledger (i.e. blockchain) which can be used to record ownership of digital items
Decentralization
Decentralized autonomous organization (DAO)
Federated applications - applications with an open protocol for interaction across different host instances
Fediverse - an alliance of federated applications: Mastodon (Twitter clone), Lemmy (Reddit clone), Matrix (Discord clone)

Virtual Reality (VR) - a complete virtual environment. Typically associated with a VR headset.
Augmented Reality (AR) - overlaying virtual objects and interfaces into the real world. Typically done through a phone camera or upcoming AR glasses.
Mixed Reality (MR) - A subset of AR typically involving both real and virtual objects or worlds. This term is not well defined and is sometimes used as a synonym for AR.
eXtended Reality (XR) - catch all for AR, VR, and MR
Metaverse - A large virtual world or combination of multiple virtual worlds.
Hologram - A photorealistic virtual avatar or character. Or an image produced by a holographic display.
Spatial computing - Apple's own word for XR.

VR Headset or Head-mounted Display (HMD)
Stereoscopic VR - recording and displaying different views between the left and right eyes.
Panoramic/180/360 - images or video with a extremely wide field of view, up to the full 360 degrees which captures every direction.
Omnidirectional Stereo (ODS) - a special type of 360 video which enables stereo viewing in any direction.
Foveated Rendering - a type of rendering which prioritizes the user's gaze position and deprioritizes the peripheral for higher quality and performance.

List of some of the more well-known metaverse

Horizon Worlds - this is Meta (Facebook) metaverse
Decentraland
VR Chat
Fortnite - a video game by Epic games
Roblox - another video game
Nvidia Omniverse - a set of software platforms and tools for developing 3D assets and simulations

Computer Vision (CV) - area of research for understanding images and videos
Natural Language Processing (NLP) - area of research for understanding language
Robotics - planning and control, typically involving CV and RL, for drones, self-driving, humanoids.
Big Data - large sets of data, possibly high-dimensional, which are used to train neural network models
Reinforcement Learning (RL) - learning which actions to perform (policy) to achieve a goal (reward maximization), typically in games
Generative models - anything that outputs text, images, or sounds. (e.g. LLMs, GANs, Diffusion models)