Investing: Difference between revisions

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A 401(k) or 403(b) is an employer-sponsored retirement plan.<br>
A 401(k) or 403(b) is an employer-sponsored retirement plan.<br>
That means, it is managed by a company cooperating with your employer.<br>
That means, it is managed by a company cooperating with your employer.<br>
If you work for a for-profit company, you will have a 401k. A non-profit company a 403b.<br>
If you work for a for-profit company, you will have a 401k.
If you work for a public school or non-profit company, you get a 403b.<br>
If you work for the federal government, you will have a thrift savings plan.<br>
If you work for the federal government, you will have a thrift savings plan.<br>
For the most part, 401k and 403b rules are identical.
For the most part, 401k and 403b rules are identical.
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===Traditional IRA===
===Traditional IRA===
In a traditional IRA, you deposit pre-tax money.
In a traditional IRA, you deposit pre-tax money (see notes).
Thus, your deposit counts as a tax-deduction.
Thus, your deposit counts as a tax-deduction.
You pay taxes when you withdraw your money.
You pay taxes when you withdraw your money.
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* You must start taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) at age 72
* You must start taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) at age 72
* No more contributions after age 70.5
* No more contributions after age 70.5
* While there are no income limits to contributing to a traditional IRA, there are income limits to deducting from your taxes
** See [https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/ira-deduction-limits IRA Deduction Limits]
** To avoid being double taxed on your Traditional IRA contributions, be sure to complete [https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-8606 IRS Form 8606]


===Roth IRA===
===Roth IRA===
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===Backdoor Roth IRA===
===Backdoor Roth IRA===
Basically, contribute $6k to a traditional IRA and convert it to a Roth IRA.
If you are a high-earner and believe you will earn more money in retirement,
you may want to do a backdoor Roth IRA to grow your retirement account tax-free rather than tax-deferred.


===Mega Backdoor Roth IRA===
;Basic Idea
* Contribute to a traditional IRA
* Convert the traditional IRA into a Roth IRA
 
;Notes
* To avoid tax complications, you should eliminate all other pre-tax IRAs beforehand by rolling them over to a 401k. Otherwise, you will be subject to the pro-rata rule.
 
===Mega Backdoor Roth===
Requirements: Your 401k allows after-tax contributions and non-hardship withdrawals.
 
;Basic Idea:
* Max out after-tax contributions to your 401k
* Rollover or withdraw the after-tax portion to a Roth IRA or Roth 401K


==ETFs==
==ETFs==
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25 basis points is an annual fee of 0.25%.<br>
25 basis points is an annual fee of 0.25%.<br>
The following classifications are stolen from Wealthfront and Acorns<br>
The following classifications are stolen from Wealthfront and Acorns<br>
==Brokers==
===Vanguard===
===Robinhood===


==Robo-Investors==
==Robo-Investors==
===Acorns===
{{ main | Acorns (company) }}
You can select between 5 different portfolios of ETFs based on your risk level.
Acorns invests in the following ETFs:
* Large Company Stock (VOO)
* International Large Company Stocks (VEA)
* Small Company Stock (VB)
* Corporate Bonds (LQD)
* Government Bonds (SHY)
* Real Estate Stock (VNQ)
* Emerging Market Stock (VWO)
====Later====
Acorns later is an IRA account.<br>
They offer a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, and SEP IRA.<br>
You can signup and deposit money but you have no other choices.<br>
Your portfolio is selected by Acorns based on your age.


===Wealthfront===
===Wealthfront===
{{main | Wealthfront }}
{{main | Wealthfront }}
; [https://www.wealthfront.com/c/affiliates/invited/AFFA-BMT8-AIJ3-FS7E Referral]<br>
; [https://www.wealthfront.com/c/affiliates/invited/AFFA-BMT8-AIJ3-FS7E Referral]<br>
;Benefits
 
* Tax-Loss Harvesting
; Cash Account
====Cash Account====
Wealthfront offers a cash account.
Wealthfront offers a cash (i.e. savings) account.
This account is distributed between up to several banks so it is FDIC Insured up to $3 million <ref name="wealthfrontfdic" />.
This account is distributed between 4 banks so it is FDIC Insured up to $1 million
 
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="wealthfrontfdic">https://www.wealthfront.com/blog/wealthfront-fdic-insurance/</ref>
}}