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Latex: Difference between revisions

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Download [https://miktex.org MikTex].
Download [https://miktex.org MikTex].
It includes the TeXworks editor and will download packages as you use them.
It includes the TeXworks editor and will download packages as you use them.
This will not take up as much disk space as a full install.
This will not take up as much disk space as a full install but will require internet access to download new packages.
===Full Install===
===Full Install===
====Windows====
====Windows====
Download [https://www.tug.org/texlive/ TexLive].
Download [https://www.tug.org/texlive/ TexLive] using the [https://www.tug.org/texlive/acquire-iso.html ISO images].
This is several gigabytes since it includes all the popular LaTex packages and takes a while to install.
This is ~4 gigabytes since it includes all the popular LaTeX packages and takes a while to install.
You'll also need an editor. I recommend installing [[Atom_(text_editor) | Atom]] with the following packages:  
You'll also need an editor. I recommend installing [[Atom_(text_editor) | Atom]] with the following packages:  
* <code>latex</code> for calling the TexLive compiler
* <code>latex</code> for calling the TexLive compiler
* <code>language-latex</code> for syntax highlighting
* <code>language-latex</code> for syntax highlighting
* <code>pdf-view</code> for viewing the compiled pdf.
* <code>pdf-view</code> for viewing the compiled pdf.
<pre>
apm install latex language-latex pdf-view
</pre>


====Linux====
====Linux====
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pdflatex [mydocument.tex]
pdflatex [mydocument.tex]
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
* Note to add bibliography, you need to run <code>pdflatex</code>, <code>bibtex</code>, <code>pdflatex</code> or <code>rubber --pdf</code>.
==Usage==
==Usage==


===Fancy Math Font===
===Fancy Math Font===
See [https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/58098/what-are-all-the-font-styles-i-can-use-in-math-mode this answer.]


[[File:LatexMathFonts.png|500x500px|right]]
 
See [https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/58098/what-are-all-the-font-styles-i-can-use-in-math-mode this answer.]
[[File:LatexMathFonts.png|500x500px]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
% Use mathbb for the set of reals R or the set of complex numbers C
% Use mathbb for the set of reals R or the set of complex numbers C
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===Spaces===
===Spaces===
See [https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Spacing_in_math_mode Reference]<br>
See [https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Spacing_in_math_mode Reference]
[[File:SpacingMathEx2.png|250x250px]]
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
<div style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;">
[[File:SpacingMathEx2.png|350px]]
</div>
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top; background: none;">
Spaces in mathematical mode.
Spaces in mathematical mode.
   
   
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\end{minipage}
\end{minipage}
</pre>
</pre>
===Sections===
====Numbering====
To change the section numbering from numbers to letters, add the following:
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
% Changes sections to use capital letters
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\Alph{section}}
% Changes subsections to use lowercase letters
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\thesection.\alph{subsection}}
</syntaxhighlight>


===Programming===
===Programming===
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===Custom Commands===
===Custom Commands===
You can define your own commands using <code>\newcommand</code>
You can define your own commands using <code>\newcommand</code>
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\newcommand{\notdone}{{\color{red} Not done!!}}
</syntaxhighlight>


===Custom Operators===
===Custom Operators===
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\DeclareMathOperator{\sign}{sign}
\DeclareMathOperator{\sign}{sign}
\DeclareMathOperator{\rank}{rank}
\DeclareMathOperator{\rank}{rank}
\DeclareMathOperator{\argmin}{argmin}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmin}{argmin}
\DeclareMathOperator{\argmax}{argmax}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{argmax}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
;Notes
* Adding <code>*</code> puts subscript elements beneath the operator.
 
==Programming==
===For Each Loops===
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\foreach [count=\i] \j in {A,B,...,H}{
Element \i~is \j\\
}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==Page Layout==
There are many packages which adjust the page layout.<br>
You can use the package <code>wordlike</code> for a MS Word layout.
===Font===
;Font size
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
;Font type
* Times New Roman - <code>\usepackage{mathptmx}</code>
 
==Tables==
===Multirow and Multicolumns===
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\usepackage{multirow}
 
\multirow{3}{4em}{Dataset A}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
===Newlines===
[https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/2441/how-to-add-a-forced-line-break-inside-a-table-cell stackexchange line break in table cell] 
[https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/331716/newline-in-multirow-environment linebreak in multirow]
 
To have a newline in a cell, you can use the [https://www.ctan.org/pkg/makecell makecell] package. 
<code>\makecell{Some really \\ longer text}</code>. 
To make this align left: <code>\makecell[l]{Some really \\ longer text}</code>
 
For multirow cells, you can use <code>\multirowcell{5}{Numbers\\from\\ 1 to 5}</code>. 
By default, this will align center. You can make it align left: <code>\multirowcell{2}[0pt][l]{Number\\ Letter}</code>.
 
==Table Generator==
[https://www.tablesgenerator.com/ https://www.tablesgenerator.com/] can generate table code from existing tables.
 
==Figures==
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{/path/to/figure}
  \caption{}
  \label{}
\end{figure}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
Be sure to use vector figures (pdf or pgf) instead of raster ones (png, jpeg).<br>
See [https://timodenk.com/blog/exporting-matplotlib-plots-to-latex/ https://timodenk.com/blog/exporting-matplotlib-plots-to-latex/] on how to export matplotlib to pgf.
 
In the snippet <code>[!htbp]</code> represents the placement preferences.
* <code>!</code> means to ignore some placement limitations
* <code>h</code> mean to place the figure here
* <code>t</code> means top of the page.
* <code>b</code> means bottom of the page.
* <code>p</code> means to place it on a figure only page.
 
If you add the [https://ctan.mirrors.hoobly.com/macros/latex/contrib/float/float.pdf the float package], you can also use <code>[!H]</code> which is a more strict version of <code>[!h]</code>.
 
===Subfigure===
See [https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/How_to_Write_a_Thesis_in_LaTeX_(Part_3):_Figures,_Subfigures_and_Tables#Subfigures overleaf reference]
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
% In the header:
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}
 
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
  \centering
  \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.45\linewidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{graph1}
    \caption{This is graph1.}
    \label{fig:a}
  \end{subfigure}
  \hfill
  \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.45\linewidth}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{graph2}
    \caption{This is graph2.}
    \label{fig:b}
  \end{subfigure}
  \caption{}
  \label{fig:ab}
\end{figure}
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
}}
}}
===Other Options===
* <code>font=\bfseries</code> for bold labels
* <code>align=left</code> left align labels


==Useful Commands==
==Useful Commands==
A list of potentially useful commands
A list of potentially useful commands.<br>
You can paste the following an a <code>Macros.tex</code> file and <code>\input{Macros}</code> in your main tex file.


<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\newcommand{\degree}{\ensuremath{^{\circ}} }
\newcommand{\degree}{\ensuremath{^{\circ}} }
\newcommand{\etal}{{\em et al. }}
\newcommand{\etal}{{\em et al.}}
\newcommand{\ceil}[1]{{\lceil #1 \rceil}}
\newcommand{\floor}[1]{{\lfloor #1 \rfloor}}
 
\newcommand{\bmat}[1]{\begin{bmatrix}#1\end{bmatrix}}
\newcommand{\pmat}[1]{\begin{pmatrix}#1\end{pmatrix}}
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography (Bibtex)==
How to do references in Latex.<br>
How to do references in Latex.<br>
[https://www.verbosus.com/bibtex-style-examples.html Bibtex Examples]
===Citations===
Use <code>\cite</code> or some variant to cite references.<br>
[https://gking.harvard.edu/files/natnotes2.pdf Natbib reference sheet]<br>
<pre>
# Defaults to author-year citations
\usepackage{natbib}
# For numerical citations
\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
# If using author-year citations
\citet{jon90} ⇒ Jones et al. (1990)
\citep{jon90} ⇒ (Jones et al., 1990)
\citep[see][]{jon90} ⇒ (see Jones et al., 1990)
# If using numerical citations
\citet{jon90} ⇒ Jones et al. [21]
\citep{jon90} ⇒ [21]
\citep[see][]{jon90} ⇒ [see 21]
</pre>


===Case of Titles===
===Case of Titles===
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==Tikz==
==Tikz==
{{main | PGF/TikZ}}
Tikz is used to draw graphs and other shapes
Tikz is used to draw graphs and other shapes
===Drawing over images===
===Drawing over images===
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\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
==Algorithms==
How to insert pseudocode into your Latex document.
See [https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/229355/algorithm-algorithmic-algorithmicx-algorithm2e-algpseudocode-confused algorithmc vs algorithmcx vs algorithm2e]<br>
Also [[Wikibooks: LaTeX/Algorithms]] for several examples
===algorithmc===
[http://mirrors.rit.edu/CTAN/macros/latex/contrib/algorithms/algorithms.pdf The algorithms bundle]
===algorithmcx===
[http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/algorithmicx/algorithmicx.pdf The algorithmicx package]
===algorithm2e===
See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Algorithms#Typesetting_using_the_algorithm2e_package https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Algorithms#Typesetting_using_the_algorithm2e_package]
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled]{algorithm2e}
\begin{algorithm}[!htbp]
\KwData{this text}
\KwResult{how to write algorithm with \LaTeX2e }
initialization\;
\While{not at end of this document}{
  read current\;
  \eIf{understand}{
  go to next section\;
  current section becomes this one\;
  }{
  go back to the beginning of current section\;
  }
}
\caption{How to write algorithms}
\end{algorithm}
</syntaxhighlight>
==Verbatim==
The <code>verbatim</code> package gives you the environment <code>verbatim</code>.
You can use <code>\verbatiminput</code> to embed text files.
===<code>fancyvrb</code>===
The <code>fancyvrb</code> package gives you the environment <code>Verbatim</code> which has more options. 
To embed in a figure, you can use <code>BVerbatim</code>. 
There is also <code>\VerbatimInput</code>, <code>\BVerbatimInput</code>, <code>\LVerbatimInput</code>.
==Document Class==
[https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Writing_your_own_class Overleaf Writing your own class]<br>
Document classes are <code>.cls</code> files which provide a layout for your document.
By writing your own document class, you can ensure a consistent layout across multiple latex documents.
You can also encapsulate commands and macros or package requirements within your document class.<br>
;Notes
See [[Wikibooks: LaTeX/Document Structure]] for a list of common document classes and options.
==Examples==
Below is a basic example of a latex document
{{hidden | Article Example |
<syntaxhighlight lang="latex">
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{datetime}
\usepackage{lipsum} 
\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
\newdateformat{monthyear}{%
  \monthname[\THEMONTH] \THEYEAR}
\title{My Main Title\\
\large A Subtitle}
\author{My Name}
\date{\monthyear\today}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
    \lipsum[1]
\end{abstract}
\section{Introduction}
\lipsum[2-4]
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{thebib}
\end{document}
</syntaxhighlight>
}}
==Exporting==
See [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Export_To_Other_Formats#Convert_to_image_formats https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Export_To_Other_Formats#Convert_to_image_formats].
===Images===
On Linux, you can convert PDF files to PNG files using:
<pre>
pdftoppm paper.pdf paper-page -r 300 -png
</pre>
* <code>-r</code> specifies the DPI. Default is 150.
===Latex Cleanup===
If you need to submit the latex, e.g. to Arxiv, you can use this tool to help clean it up:
https://github.com/google-research/arxiv-latex-cleaner


==Resources==
==Resources==
* [http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html Detexify LaTeX handwritten symbol recognition]
* [http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html Detexify LaTeX handwritten symbol recognition]
[[Category:Programming languages]]
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