Data Structures

Data Structures from CMSC420 and more.

Lists

Skip List

Technically a linked-list but looks like a tree if you squint.

Hash

Use this all the time if you don't need to iterate through the data structure in order.
Probabilistic O(1) insertion.

Linear Probing

One way to handle collisions.

Double hashing

Another way to handle collisions.

Separate chaining

Another way to handle collisions. Each bucket is a pointer to a linked-list of values.

Trees

Treap

A tree and a heap. O(logn) with high probability.

Insertion

Insert using BST insert and then heapify using AVL rotations.

Spatial Data Structures

Point Quadtree

Extension of BST.

PM Quadtree

Polygonal Map Quadtree
Simple to implement. See my implementation here. Requires a known range (region) of values.
O(log k) where k is the region divided by the distance between the two closest points (i.e. your grid is \(\displaystyle k \times k\)).

PR Quadtree

Point Region Quadtree

Restricted Quadtree

Reference
Extension of AVL quadtree where the depth differs by at most one between your 4 children.