Linux: Difference between revisions
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A collection of notes on using Linux systems. | A collection of notes on using Linux systems. | ||
Notes here are for Ubuntu but should work on similar debian derivative distros. | Notes here are for Ubuntu but should work on similar debian derivative distros. | ||
See also [[NixOS]]. | |||
==Basic Terminal Commands== | ==Basic Terminal Commands== | ||
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apt search libdpkg-dev | apt search libdpkg-dev | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
;Repositories | |||
Repository sources are saved in | |||
* A line in <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> | |||
* A file in <code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</code> | |||
Application desktop icons are stored in <code>/usr/share/applications/</code>. | |||
The update notifications are in <code>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99update-notifier</code>. Comment these out to disable them.<br> | |||
Unattended-updates are in <code>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades</code>. | |||
{{hidden | dpkg | | {{hidden | dpkg | | ||
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</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
}} | }} | ||
==SSH== | ==SSH== | ||
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===Disable password authentication=== | ===Disable password authentication=== | ||
# Edit <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> | |||
# Set <code>PasswordAuthentication</code> to <code>no</code> | |||
# Set <code>ChallengeResponseAuthentication</code> to <code>no</code> | |||
# Test by ssh'ing into the machine using <code>-o PreferredAuthentications=password -o PubkeyAuthentication=no</code> | |||
===Port Forwarding=== | ===Port Forwarding=== | ||
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===Driver Installation=== | ===Driver Installation=== | ||
# Run <code>ubuntu-drivers list</code> to get a list of drivers | |||
# Install the latest driver | |||
#* E.g. <code>sudo apt install nvidia-driver-460</code> | |||
# If you have secure boot enabled, you will be asked for a password during installation | |||
#* This is because the driver is a DKMS module. | |||
#* After installation, reboot your computer and select "Enroll MOK" and enter that password in. | |||
#* '''Note''' Failure to do this will result in the driver not working | |||
# Validate your installation by running <code>nvidia-smi</code>. | |||
#* <code>nvidia-smi</code> shows the latest cuda version supported by the driver, not the cuda version installed. | |||
===Cuda Installation=== | ===Cuda Installation=== | ||
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==Dual Booting== | ==Dual Booting== | ||
===Fix time difference between Windows=== | ===Fix time difference between Windows=== | ||
By default, Windows stores the local time in the hardware clock while Ubuntu stores UTC time. | |||
Set ubuntu to store UTC time: | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | ||
timedatectl set-local-rtc | timedatectl set-local-rtc 0 --adjust-system-clock | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
Set Windows to store UTC time: | |||
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_time#UTC_in_Microsoft_Windows | |||
===Recover GRUB after installing Windows=== | ===Recover GRUB after installing Windows=== | ||
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==Network Troubleshooting== | ==Network Troubleshooting== | ||
On one of my | On one of my OptiPlex 5060 servers, the network adapter would reset on git ssh clones.<br> | ||
This would appear in <code>/var/log/syslog</code> as: | This would appear in <code>/var/log/syslog</code> as: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
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* -S handle sparse files efficiently | * -S handle sparse files efficiently | ||
* --numeric-ids use id instead of uid/gid | * --numeric-ids use id instead of uid/gid | ||
To copy a root partition, make sure you change the following on the new drive: | To copy a root partition, make sure you change the following on the new drive: | ||
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* Run [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair boot-repair] from a live disk if you run into any issues. | * Run [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair boot-repair] from a live disk if you run into any issues. | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Ubuntu== | |||
Ubuntu-specific notes | |||
===Disable ESM message=== | |||
[https://askubuntu.com/questions/1453749/inhibit-esm-messages-at-login Reference] | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | |||
# Disable MOTD | |||
sudo chmod -x /etc/update-motd.d/88-esm-announce | |||
sudo chmod -x /etc/update-motd.d/91-contract-ua-esm-status | |||
# Disable APT check | |||
sudo sed -Ezi.orig \ | |||
-e 's/(def _output_esm_service_status.outstream, have_esm_service, service_type.:\n)/\1 return\n/' \ | |||
-e 's/(def _output_esm_package_alert.*?\n.*?\n.:\n)/\1 return\n/' \ | |||
/usr/lib/update-notifier/apt_check.py | |||
sudo /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-updates-available --force | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||