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Serialization - different ways of storing data.

==Text-based==
Encode data as strings.  
Pros are that it's human readable and widely supported. You can dump JSON without third-party libraries in most languages.   
Cons are that it takes up much more space/bandwidth and that binary data must first be converted into base64 which can be slow.

* XML
* JSON

==Binary==
* [[Protocol Buffers]], also known as ProtoBuf, is a popular serialization library by Google.
* [https://google.github.io/flatbuffers/ flatbuffers] is another serialization library by Google meant for high performance.
* [https://capnproto.org/ Cap'n Proto], a zero-encoding serialization library by a former ProtoBuf author.